Death in Islam: the grave, the afterlife and what to do at a death

The moment of death

It is recommended to help the dying person say “La ilaha illa Allah”: “Whoever’s last words are La ilaha illa Allah will enter Paradise” (Abu Dawud, 3116). They are turned towards the qibla if possible and the Quran is recited near them. After death, their eyes are closed and supplications are made for them.

Life in the grave (barzakh)

The Prophet ﷺ described the questioning in the grave by two angels. The believer answers: “My Lord is Allah, my religion is Islam, my prophet is Muhammad”. The grave is widened and filled with light. The Prophet ﷺ sought refuge every day from the punishment of the grave (Sahih al-Bukhari, 1377). Surah Al-Mulk is called the protector from the grave (At-Tirmidhi, 2891).

The steps after death

1. Washing the body (ghusl) by people of the same sex or by the spouse.
2. The shroud (kafan): three pieces of white cloth for a man, five for a woman.
3. The funeral prayer (salat al-janazah), four takbirs without bowing or prostration.
4. The burial, the deceased lying on the right side, facing the qibla.
5. Supplication after the burial: “Ask forgiveness for your brother and steadfastness, for he is now being questioned” (Abu Dawud, 3221).

What benefits the deceased

“When a person dies, their deeds come to an end except three: an ongoing charity, beneficial knowledge, or a righteous child who prays for them” (Sahih Muslim, 1631). One may therefore give a sadaqah jariyah in their name, pray for them and pay off their debts. See also the signs of the end of times.